When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. African Americans made up the overwhelming majority of southern Republican voters during Reconstruction. All Rights Reserved. [29], Charles Woodward Stearns, also from Massachusetts, wrote an account of his experience in South Carolina: The Black Man of the South, and the Rebels: Or, the Characteristics of the Former and the Recent Outrages of the Latter (1873). There they joined like-minded Southerners, most of which were employed by the Methodist and Baptist Churches, who spent much of their time teaching and preaching to slave and freedpeople congregations both before and after the Civil War. I feel like its a lifeline. The suit resulted in the only successful Reconstruction prosecution under the state's civil rights law. He made eloquent speeches advocating that the plantations be broken up and distributed among the freedmen. These "carpetbaggers" became targets of the white supremacist organization known as Ku Klux Klan because they supported the total integration in the US society of former slaves and they resided in the Southern states where the KKK operated. He served in 187980 from the newly established Lee County. B. Vietnam is It is likely that the actions of most of them were motivated by a combination of the pursuit of personal advancement and a desire to participate in the process of transforming the South from a slavery-based society to a more egalitarian one. In general, the southern state governments formed during this period of Reconstruction represented a coalition of African Americans, recently arrived northern whites (carpetbaggers) and southern white Republicans (scalawags). ", This was the origin of the term "carpet bag," and out of it grew the well known term "carpet-bag government. In reality, many of the Northerners who migrated to former Confederate states during Reconstruction were middle-class professionals seeking economic opportunities; a number also were motivated by a desire to aid newly freed African-American slaves or participate in other efforts intended to reform Southern society. In addition, the newspaper company which he owned received a contract from the state government. Examples of modern Carpetbaggers would be Robert Kennedy and Hillary Clinton, who both ran and won elections to the U.S. Senate for the State of New York. Jacksonian America: Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. [53] 2022 Republican nominee for Pennsylvania Senator Mehmet Oz was prominently attacked as a carpetbagger by his opponent John Fetterman for previously living in New Jersey until months before the election. d They used their money toward private ends rather than public investment. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. What Were the Top 4 Causes of the Civil War? "Southern Railroad Leaders, 18651893: Identities and Ideologies". Ideographs, or symbolic terms so resonant with political imagery and meaning as to influence political action, include words like carpetbagger and scalawag. At first, Carpetbaggers were welcomed by southerners because they knew that, in order to revive their state's economy, northern money needed to come into the state. After the war, many former Union soldiers remained in the south rather than return to their homes in the north. governments are given power by the people? not d Which best explains why there were no African Americans serving in the US House of Representatives by 1887? Carpetbaggers generally supported measures aimed at democratizing and modernizing the South civil rights legislation, aid to economic development, the establishment of public school systems. African Americans and Reconstruction ( Quiz ) Flashcards In 1870, Northerners controlled 21% of the South's railroads (by mileage); 19% of the directors were from the North. In the congressional elections of 1866, northern voters rejected Johnsons view of Reconstruction and handed a major victory to the so-called Radical Republicans, who now took control of Reconstruction. The victor in the end was the "Minstrel" faction led by carpetbagger Elisha Baxter over the "Brindle Tail" faction led by Joseph Brooks, which included most of the scalawags. Historian Eric Foner, who has written extensively on the period of Reconstruction, offered his interpretation on the term carpetbagger in a letter to the editor of the New York Times in 1988. Working with the Freedman's Bureau, many northerners moved to the south to help reconstruction efforts by building schools. As a result of the national Compromise of 1877, Chamberlain lost his office. A term often associated with carpetbagger was "scalawag." [56], The awards season blog of The New York Times is titled "The Carpetbagger". [citation needed], Some historians of the early 1930s, who belonged to the Dunning School that believed that the Reconstruction era was fatally flawed, claimed that Chamberlain was later influenced by Social Darwinism to become a white supremacist. Japanese Imperialism: Territorial Acquisitions & Wars. Carpetbaggers were initially welcomed by southerners because northern money was needed in southern states to help rebuild. Although the exact origins of scalawag are unknown, it was in use in the United States before the Civil War as a term for both a farm animal of little value and a neer-do-well individual. [25] North Carolina Democrats condemned the legislature's "depraved villains, who take bribes every day"; one local Republican officeholder complained, "I deeply regret the course of some of our friends in the Legislature as well as out of it in regard to financial matters, it is very embarrassing indeed. [43], The term carpetbagger has also been applied to those who join the Labour Party but lack roots in the working class that the party was formed to represent. Carpetbaggers got their name from their large carpetbags that they packed containing all of their belongings. succeed. B. Vietnam is Furbush and three other black leaders, including the bill's primary sponsor, state senator Richard A. Dawson, sued a Little Rock barkeeper for refusing to serve their group. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . New York: McGraw Hill, 2002. The context was that a planter elite kept taxes low because it benefited them. (2020, November 1). At the county level, Northerners made up about 10% of the commissioners, county judges and sheriffs. Many carpetbaggers were former Union soldiers, businessmen looking to start new businesses, or individuals working with the Freedman's Bureau. Pan-Americanism Movement History & Attempts | What is Pan-Americanism? They were challenged by Conservatives, who opposed Reconstruction and the Republicans. Carpetbagger was a pejorative denomination used by US citizens from the Southern states, former Confederates, to refer to people from the North who came to live in the South after the US Civil War. Carpetbaggers were able to vote and hold political office, unlike many southerners. In addition to economic motives, a good number of carpetbaggers saw themselves as reformers and wanted to shape the postwar South in the image of the North, which they considered to be a more advanced society. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for not a What is one service the Freedmen's Bureau provided for African Americans? As the South had been shattered by the effects of the war, with its economy and infrastructure severely damaged, outside help was necessary. Advertisement Advertisement ueydehddqw ueydehddqw Answer: A, Carpetbagger. Unit 4: Reconstruction and Southern Society Flashcards The dispute weakened both factions and the entire Republican Party, enabling the sweeping Democratic victory in the 1874 state elections.[33]. In the legislature Furbush worked to create a new county, Lee, from portions of Phillips, Crittenden, Monroe and St. Francis counties in eastern Arkansas, which had a black-majority population. Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, Stoff. 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Scalawags included non-slaveholding, small-time farmers; middle-class professionals and others who had stayed loyal to the Union during the war. Though they differed in their views on racemany had strong anti-Black attitudesthese men wanted to keep the hated rebels from regaining power in the postwar South; they also sought to develop the regions economy and ensure the survival of its debt-ridden small farms. Did you know? The influx of such transitory 'token' members as carpetbaggers, took advantage of these nugatory deposit criteria, often to instigate or accelerate the trend towards wholesale demutualization. But in the South after the Civil War, Republicans often won political office, especially where the formerly enslaved people were allowed to vote. McNamara, Robert. [38], The Dunning school of American historians (19001950) espoused White supremacy and viewed "carpetbaggers" unfavorably, arguing that they degraded the political and business culture. African Americans and Reconstruction questions & answers for - Quizizz Some scalawags were established planters (mostly in the Deep South) who thought that whites should recognize Blacks civil and political rights while still retaining control of political and economic life. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Furbush died in Indiana in 1902 at a veterans' home. [54][55] Hillary Clinton was attacked by opponents as carpetbagging, because she had never resided in New York State or participated in the state's politics before the 2000 Senate race. Warmoth stayed in Louisiana after Reconstruction, as white Democrats regained political control of the state. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Which is the correct definition of the post-Civil War term carpetbagger A carpetbagger is a northerner who moved to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) for economic, social, and sometimes political opportunities. He later wrote Yazoo; Or, on the Picket Line of Freedom in the South (1884). Wintory, Blake. But "carpetbagger" did not merely mean someone who traveled and carried a carpetbag. The combination of beef and oysters is traditional. "[citation needed]. Weegy: "Bleeding Kansas" was the name given to the fight over slavery in the Kansas territory in the mid-1800s. Candeloro, Dominic. He left the state in the 1890s after it disenfranchised black voters. Updates? Among the more prominent were Gen. Beroth B. Eggleston, a native of New York; Col. A. T. Morgan, of the Second Wisconsin Volunteers; Gen. W. S. Barry, former commander of a Colored regiment raised in Kentucky; an Illinois general and lawyer who graduated from Knox College; Maj. W. H. Gibbs, of the Fifteenth Illinois infantry; Judge W. B. Cunningham, of Pennsylvania; and Cap. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. A. Vietnam is still divided into a communist north Vietnam and a democratic south Vietnam. Carpetbaggers viewed themselves as saviors of the struggling south; moving to the war-torn region to aid in its rebuilding. [57][bettersourceneeded], A carpetbag steak or carpetbagger steak is an end cut of steak that is pocketed and stuffed with oysters, among other ingredients, such as mushrooms, blue cheese, and garlic. Whats the difference between a carpetbagger and a scalawag. While some carpetbaggers supported African American equality and worked to protect their voting rights, others were motivated primarily by financial gain or political power. The OSS called this effort Operation Carpetbagger. What was the term given to Northerners who tried to help educate freedman in the South? He returned to Ohio after 18 months and moved back to Arkansas by 1870. The term is now used in the United States to refer to a parachute candidate, that is, an outsider who runs for public office in an area without having lived there for more than a short time, or without having other significant community ties. The Black Codes and Why They Still Matter Today. He was instrumental in organizing African-American dockworkers into the Labor Union of Colored Men, to gain them jobs at the docks after 1870. After the war, Furbush migrated to Liberia through the American Colonization Society, where he continued to work as a photographer. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Answer: Northerners who came to the South and supported African American equality. My people have been told by these schemers, when men have been placed on the ticket who were notoriously corrupt and dishonest, that they must vote for them; that the salvation of the party depended upon it; that the man who scratched a ticket was not a Republican. Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. [12][13], Initiatives such as the Southern Homestead Act, Sherman's field orders, and Reconstruction-era legislation by Radical Republicans aimed to strip the land, assets, and voting rights of Southerners believed, without evidence, to have supported the Confederates during the war. About 13% to 21% of district court judges were Northerners, along with about 10% of the delegates who wrote the Reconstruction constitution of 1869. - Biography, Facts & Timeline, Oneida Nation: History & Connection to Paul Revere, Who was Edmund Randolph? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877, during which the United States had to be politically, socially, and economically put back together. At first they were welcomed, as southerners saw the need for northern capital and investment to get the devastated region back on its feet. 1909. Foner wrote that the term, as an insult, was used mainly by "white supremacist opponents of Reconstruction" policies. The period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) began with a focus on putting the country back together again politically, economically, and physically. During his term, he adopted a policy of "fusion", a post-Reconstruction power-sharing compromise between Populist Democrats and Republicans. For opponents of Reconstruction, scalawags were even lower on the scale of humanity than carpetbaggers, as they were viewed as traitors to the South. "[16], Many Northern and Southern Republicans shared a modernizing vision of upgrading the Southern economy and society, one that would replace the inefficient Southern plantation regime with railroads, factories, and more efficient farming. He was accused of using his position as governor to trade in state bonds for his personal benefit. They were prominent in the politics of the state until 1875, but nearly all left Mississippi in 1875 to 1876 under pressure from the Red Shirts and White Liners. not a Why did the Freedmen's Bureau operate longer than the year that was originally planned? b Carpetbaggers & Scalawags - History [31], George E. Spencer was a prominent Republican U.S. Updated: August 29, 2018 | Original: March 3, 2015. The Rail Splitter Repairing the Union, Joseph E. Baker, 1865. He eventually became vice-chair of the Georgia Republican Party, a state senator and the head of an African-American militia which he hoped to use against the Ku Klux Klan. Carpetbaggers were northerners who headed south after the war; Scalawags were southerners. Explanation: Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Social Studies. The term carpetbagger, used exclusively as a pejorative term, originated from the carpet bags (a form of cheap luggage made from carpet fabric) which many of these newcomers carried. Stranger in a Strange State: The Politics of Carpetbagging from Robert Kennedy to Scott Brown. "William Hines Furbush (18391902)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpetbagger&oldid=1152364086, Brown, Canter, Jr. "Carpetbagger Intrigues, Black Leadership, and a Southern Loyalist Triumph: Florida's Gubernatorial Election of 1872", Campbell, Randolph B. Mathematics, 07.12.2020 17:00. He was the first-known black Democrat elected to the Arkansas General Assembly. Republican-led racially integrated Reconstruction state legislatures were long and widely portrayed as corrupt and incompetent, but, though corruption was present in these legislatures, it was likely no more prevalent than in other 19th-century state governments. Many Carpetbaggers even experienced problems with the Ku Klux Klan as a result of moving to the south. See answers . When Democrats regained control of the state government in 1874, Ruby returned to New Orleans, working in journalism. Legislatures dominated by Republican officeholders were denounced as "carpetbagger governments.". Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. Ku Klux Klan During Reconstruction | Formation, Goals & Actions, China's Communist Revolution Cause & Impact | How Communism Rose in China, Living in the South | Economy, Society & Class Structure. Many were drawn by the promise of quick fortunes it was said could be made raising cotton. McNamara, Robert. They also wrote that he supported states' rights and laissez-faire in the economy. carpetbagger in the United States a derogatory term for an individual from the North who relocated to the South during the Reconstruction period (1865-77) following the American Civil War. Democrats held most of the economic power and cooperating with them could make his future. "Carpetbagger: Definition and Origin of the Political Term." "[3], In the United Kingdom at the end of the 20th century, carpetbagger developed another meaning: in British English it refers to people who join a mutual organization, such as a building society, in order to force it to demutualize, that is, to convert into a joint stock company. "Legitimacy and Interventionism: Northern Republicans, the 'Terrible Carpetbagger,' and the Retreat from Reconstruction.". Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/carpetbaggers-and-scalawags. Others invested in businesses or banks. SUNY Press. White businessmen generally boycotted Republican papers, which survived through government patronage. Planters whose properties occupied prime riverfront locations relied on river transportation, but smaller farmers in the backcountry suffered. Many southerners viewed the political motivations of Scalawags as traitorous to their southern heritage. Sacalawags were white southerners that supported the Republican Party during Reconstruction. ThoughtCo. [23], Elza Jeffords, a lawyer from Portsmouth, Ohio who fought with the Army of the Tennessee, remained in Mississippi after the conclusion of the Civil War. c ", Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/tourgee/summary.html, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Looting the Mutuals: The Ethics and Economics of Demutualisation. Get the Brainly App Today an individual that runs for political office in a region they are not normally from can be called a carpetbagger. End of Reconstruction Era Overview & Causes | When Did Reconstruction End? That Reconstruction state governments got into financial trouble was more likely due to their overspendingresulting from efforts to revive the economies under bankrupt postwar governments and to fund educational and other public institutionsthan to an abnormal level of attempts at personal enrichment through corruption. A carpetbagger is an individual that moved from the north to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877). Which best describes the fate of the Freedmen's Bureau? They were given this name because most people who would arrive in the South from the North carried luggage made of carpet, thus the term "Carpetbagger." To be called a carpetbagger today is to indicate that an individual is not native to a region for which they are running for political office. Carpetbagger - Wikipedia This is in reference to the taxes that are rung from the labouring class of people. Carpetbaggers typically were supporters of the Republican Party. Some bought land, and some leased it. Election of 1860 Candidates, Summary & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1860? Engagement in Republican politics was an outgrowth of that pursuit. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers. To make this move, the individual would pack their belongings in a large bag, called a carpetbag. Decades later, First Lady Hillary Clinton faced the same charge in the same place when she ran for a Senate seat in New York. However, the Republican Party inside each state was increasingly torn between the more conservative scalawags on one side and the more Radical carpetbaggers with their black allies on the other. Yes if you will give them a few Dollars they will liern you for an accomplished Rascal. Definition and Examples, Election of 1860: Lincoln Became President at Time of Crisis. Congress passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 marked the beginning of the Radical Reconstruction period, which would last for the next decade. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. These carpetbaggerswhom many in the South viewed as opportunists looking to exploit and profit from the regions misfortunessupported the Republican Party, and would play a central role in shaping new southern governments during Reconstruction. C. separation of powers [30], The "BrooksBaxter War" was a factional dispute, 187274 that culminated in an armed confrontation in 1874 between factions of the Arkansas Republican Party over the disputed 1872 election for governor. They wanted their own land to farm and believed they had already paid for land by their years of uncompensated labor and the trials of slavery. [37], In March 1879 Furbush left Arkansas for Colorado. In its earliest usage in the American South, the term was considered quite negative and was leveled as an insult. It indicated members of the public who joined mutual societies with the hope of making a quick profit from the conversion. Later, however, as Reconstruction governments began to alter the reality of Southern political life, the newcomers were characterized by white Southerners as the dregs of Northern society preying upon the misfortune of the defeated South. After returning to Ohio in February 1865, he joined the Forty-second Colored Infantry. Learn about Carpetbaggers and Scalawags. Some were abolitionists who sought to continue the struggle for racial equality; they often became agents of the federal Freedmen's Bureau, which started operations in 1865 to assist the vast numbers of recently emancipated slaves. While the federal government worked on the readmission process, Carpetbaggers took political advantage of this time period. The term "carpetbaggers" refers to Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, during Reconstruction. Foner says Littlefield disbursed $200,000 (bribes) to win support in the legislature for state money for his railroads, and Democrats as well as Republicans were guilty of taking the bribes and making the decisions on the railroad. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [27], A politician in South Carolina who was called a carpetbagger was Daniel Henry Chamberlain, a New Englander who had served as an officer of a predominantly black regiment of the United States Colored Troops. Industrial Workers of the World History & Goals | What is the IWW? [citation needed], Following the end of his 1873 legislative term, Furbush was appointed as county sheriff by Republican Governor Elisha Baxter. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He once opined that "Jesus Christ was a carpetbagger. 2019. Once again, the carpetbagger attacks didn't prove effective, and Clinton won her election to the Senate. Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, Stoff. A classic example of someone called a carpetbagger was Robert Kennedy when he announced his run for the U.S. Senate in New York State. Historians suggest that Scalawags made up only about 20% of the southern population during Reconstruction, but that this population allowed Republican policies to control the period of Reconstruction. The correct answer: "People from the North that moved to the South after the US Civil War". Senator, wrote a letter to U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant that was widely reprinted. D. consent of Which statement is true about Vietnam today? The majority of the scalawags were non-slaveholding small farmers as well as merchants, artisans and other professionals who had remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. "Louis Post as a Carpetbagger in South Carolina: Reconstruction as a Forerunner of the Progressive Movement". I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Watch acclaimed Black History documentaries on HISTORY Vault. Hillary Clinton, in 2001, ran and won the election to the U.S. Senate for New York. Government Flashcards | Quizlet None of the states had established public school systems before the Reconstruction state legislatures created them, and they had systematically underinvested in infrastructure such as roads and railroads. White Southerners commonly denounced "carpetbaggers" collectively during the post-war years, fearing they would loot and plunder the defeated South and be politically allied with the Radical Republicans. Which statement is true about Vietnam today? Carpetbaggers were different from Scalawags, in that Scalawags were white southerners who supported the Republican Party during the era of Reconstruction. He was narrowly re-elected in a campaign marked by egregious voter fraud and violence against freedmen by Democratic Red Shirts, who succeeded in suppressing the black vote in some majority-black counties.
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