They both absorb nutrients from their environment. All of the other choices provided are incorrect, A. diversifies genotypes thereby allowing faster evolutionary organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to D. a rare, desert-dwelling lizard. D. killing harmful insects -A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. to the pathogen. mitochondria E. none of the other choices provided. Many alveolates, but not all, have plastids. D. gas vesicles [16], Over time, the scope of application has changed, especially when in the 1970s ultrastructural studies revealed greater diversity among the algae with chromoplasts (chlorophylls a and c) than had previously been recognized. D. Gonium pectorale is single celled, Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is composed of identical cells, and Pleodorina californica and Volvox are composed of two different cell types. The basal part of the hair is flexible and inserts into the cell membrane; the second part is dominated by a long stiff tube (the 'straw' or 'stramen'); and finally the tube is tipped by many delicate hairs called mastigonemes. The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. The amniotic egg evolved as an adaptation B. Alveolata D. They facilitate the spread of D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) Which stages of a zygotic life cycle are haploid? Protists Flashcards - Easy Notecards E. attaching to the substrate, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. Their evolutionary relationships remain an area of active research. E. actinobacteria. From what you have learned about them, which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction? B. micronucleosis Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. zygote A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds They are heterotrophic, but may contain unicellular algal endosymbionts (green algae, red algae, chrysophytes, diatoms, or dinoflagellates). Given what you know about cyanobacteria, which of the following is the more similar species? D. Staphylococcus dinoflagellates Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: Chlorophyta C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. Most cercozoans are heterotrophic, but this group also includes the mixotrophic chlorarachniophytes. Stramenopiles may be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. Which of the following statements best describes secondary endosymbiosis? D. alveoli beneath the plasma membrane Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. C. blue-green Some species have even become adapted to thriving in extreme environments, such as deserts, arctic regions, and hypersaline habitats. A. chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic 2008 ). B. O A. that all protists are of the same lineage Alveolate. D. It is a major separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its C. conjugation They are basically unicellular but oomycetes (Oomycota) are composed of multinuclear mycelia and brown algae (Heterokontophyta) form large multicellular thalli with differenciated tissues. Inspection of the microorganism with a compound microscope reveals that it uses pseudopodia for movement and is not enclosed within a mineral shell. E. Alveolata, Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? E. the use of bacteria in the production of biofuels, Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans? D. Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not. Chromalveolates and the Evolution of Plastids by Secondary How many species of stramenopiles are there? Luisa Guitterez, CMA. A. What is the difference between plants and Archaeplastida? A. a common large worm. Tests, if present, are of overlapping siliceous or organic scales or plates. B. Twenty-one classes are recognized including five nonphotosynthetic groups. Ochrophyta is an algal group belonging to the Stramenopiles and comprises diverse lineages of algae which contribute significantly to the oceanic ecosystems as primary producers. a hydrogenosome or mitosome). disease it causes is: A.diabetes B. malaria C. cause of food poisoning in humans. This group of protists have flagella with many short hair-like structures along the length of the flagella. Chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet Protists are NOT monophyletic. Alveolates contain both photosynthetic lineages, such as Chromera and many dinoflagellates, and non-photosynthetic lineages, such as ciliates, colpodellids, apicomplexans and perkinsids. A. Metabolically they include chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and mixotrophs. C. They are photoautotrophs. Chapter Summary - Macmillan Learning A. the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. tertiary endosymbiosis E. They attach to host cells Group: Stramenopiles Oomycetes (Water Molds and Their Relatives) Oomycetes include water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews They were once considered fungi based on morphological studies Most oomycetes are decomposers or parasites They have _____ _ (hyphae) that facilitate nutrient uptake The two ciliates exchange one micronucleus, then the two fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. Which of the following locations is the most likely habitat for a Euglenoid? Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria? D. to permit the embryo to develop undisturbed up to the time of hatching. There is a transitional helix inside the flagellum where the beating axoneme with its distinctive 9 peripheral couplets and two central microtubules changes into the nine triplet structure of the basal body. camouflage them from grazers. They have thread-like (filose) pseudopodia or a cytoplasmic web that they use for trapping organic matter or prey. Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole. List all of Mrs. Schreiber's signs and symptoms. - rhizarians, sac like aveoli, fluid is for defense or benefits, histones proteins, RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins, protein membrane, extremophiles, flagella, histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNA polymerases, moderate habitats, Gene transfer: B. haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides Genome sequence of the stramenopile - Genome Biology Your email address will not be published. -the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell E. A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. attaching to the substrate, B. filtering bacterial food from the water, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: reproduction C. is more rapid than sexual reproduction A. blood B. brain C. lymph glands D. Anopheles mosquito. Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. C. directing currents away from the flagellum A. it allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the pathogen Chromalveolata | Biology for Majors II - Lumen Learning C. A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. of the following statements DOES NOT describe its attributes? A summary of the major SAR phyla is provided below: This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. cilia pseudopodia B. possession of hard shells C. tertiary Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either C. It allows developing drugs that make antibodies against the Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a8e88cde48c2446ae727f86112493c31" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A. double plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped mitochondrial cristae E. calcium carbonate crystals B. hairy flagella 12 There was a massive immigration of Irish to the United States in the mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused by: The alternate host for Entamoeba histolytica is the The Mesomycetozoa form a small group of parasites, primarily of fish, and at least one form that can parasitize humans. Dinoflagellates exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction. Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. There are about 4,000 described species. The posterior flagellum is smooth (whiplash flagella), trailing, and shorter, sometimes much reduced. Which of the following is NOT a function of mucilage in bacteria? Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles These flagella pull motile cells through the water. They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. C. Amoebozoa First, although some phylogenetic analyses support a grouping of Stramenopiles and Alveolates as sister taxa, others cannot resolve the relationships between Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians. EX: cyanobacteria, this group shares molecular and cellular wall features, five major subgroups called , , , , various preferred habitats and enhance their photosynthetic ability. identical macronucleus. T or F, Sushi wrappers called nori are a type of red algae. D. decomposer B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. C. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. -to support the life of the decomposers Molecular studies confirm that the genes that code for the proteins of these hairs are exclusive to stramenopiles. D. sharp projectiles It D. Nostoc verrucosum; A filamentous species often found in shallow streams and creeks that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen using specialized cells known as heterocytes. B. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) B. that all protists are more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms A. Chlorophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats. stored in the tissues. This stramenopile cell has a single hairy flagellum and a secondary smooth flagellum. The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an A 'hairy' flagellum is often paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum. A. Opisthokonta A. generations. D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food -proteobacterium ancestor of mitochondria, composed of hydrated polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, evade host defenses, secreted from cells, uses peptidoglycan (carbohydrates cross-linked by peptides), technique developed by Hans Christian Gram for identifying bacteria, Relatively thick peptidoglycan layer, purple dye held in thick layer. It therefore included other groups, such as cryptophytes and haptophytes, which are not closely related, as indicated by molecular analysis. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. C. osmotrophic D. autotrophic E. mixotrophic. The term 'Heterokont' has lost its usefulness in critical discussions about the identity, nature, character and relatedness of the group. It is not clear whether non-photosynthetic stramenopiles (such as oomycetes) represent an evolutionary loss of plastids or descent from an ancestor that pre-dates the acquisition of plastids by the algal members of the group. protists are in the same phylum, C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than B. parasite Many are decomposers, but a large number of species are plant parasites. protists are of the same lineage B. that all protists are more Opisthokonta B. Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. A. the choanoflagellates B. slime molds C. E. Excavata, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: A. protective coverings that are hard, tough, or slimy They possess tubulocristate mitochondria and a unique, highly complex multi-layered cytoskeleton composed of layers of microtubuli and microfilaments [9,17]. B. Rhizaria B. mitochondria This means: ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. -Dead plants and animals would cover the ground. The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. C. It will be able to secrete mucilage and aggregate as part of a biofilm. The chemical composition of the gases surrounding the Earth has changed substantially over the past 4 billion years. Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. -plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis D. They have filose pseudopodia. T or F. Which statement best explains an outcome of endosymbiosis? They are originally defined as eukaryotic protists producing asymmetrically biflagellated zoospores, characterized by an anterior flagellum bearing ciliary hairs and a short posterior one ( Cavalier-Smith, 2018 ). Frustules appear either radially or bilaterally symmetrical. euglenoid, Which of the following algal phyla is most closely related to land plants? mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? In 2004, Jun-Yuan Chen and David Bottjer found a fossil approximately 580-600 million years old. cilia protein ooze flagella pseudopodia pseudopodia Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? B. Themacronucleusis polyploid and actively transcribes the genes necessary for metabolism. C. alveoli Stramenopiles (also known as heterokonts) usually have a flagellate stage in the life cycle that has a characteristic type of stiff tubular 'hairs' arranged in two rows on one flagellum (see Patterson, 1999 ). How do stramenopiles reproduce? Most are unicellular and have a zygotic cycle. Stramenopila B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. They formed Many stramenopiles are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles, for instance as gametes or zoospores. -It led to the formation of the nucleus. pathways unique to the pathogen. B. Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. B. In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. Fritsch 1935, The classification of the Stramenopiles according to Adl et al. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. Which of the following statements is NOT true of any Foraminifera? E. none of the choices provided. Members of the Nostoc genus have large numbers of thylakoid membranes, and many have gas vesicles. dinoflagellates These are sometimes referred to as tinsel-type flagella. choanoflagellates -are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms D. mutualism It increases genetic diversity for a species. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one A. orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: 5.4 Algae - Microbiology | OpenStax In small streams, most algae are attached to rocks. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and No, because it needed to be fully intact when buried to form a fossil. decomposers The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. C. There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. C. They break down wastes. kinetoplastid Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by D. half-decay Among the stramenopiles are the unicellular diatoms, the multicellular brown algae, and the nonphotosynthetic oomycetes, many of which are saprobic. A. Aerobic cellular respiration. Dinoflagellates can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs. D. are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms A. -are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms, are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms. If used narrowly, a chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll B, as in. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment This group includes marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms that may be flagellated or amoeboid. B. That group of bacteria was: BIO331 Final: Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards | Quizlet The latter are among the most significant primary producers in marine and freshwater ecosystems. This gives the flagellum a feathery appearance. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. 1, node 5) after the cryptophyte divergence (1,189 MYA; fig. A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells.