A single-trip manual activation refers to a feature that allows the driver to acknowledge a visual or audio signale.g., with a press of a buttonand not continue seeing or hearing it. Rear seats may frequently be used to transport cargo such as groceries, pets, and other heavy objects, which could be mistaken for an occupant. (49 CFR part 512). Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] Potential Specifications for a Required Rear Belt Warning System, E. Technological and Economic Feasibility, I. awards points for front and rear seat belt reminder systems (SBRSs) as part of their Safety Assist score. With occupant detection, a warning system can provide more informative warnings. This might be addressed by programming the system to require input from door or occupant sensors to verify that the driver is in the vehicle. The study found, among other things, that about one quarter of drivers (24%) of vehicles equipped with a rear seat belt warning system noticed an increase in rear seat belt use. Should the warning be standardized, and would this increase the likelihood that consumers would notice, recognize, and respond to the warnings? ------WebKitFormBoundaryYJfQNYRidn32dAGX on NARA's archives.gov. [FR Doc. documents in the last year, by the Food Safety and Inspection Service NHTSA, therefore, seeks comment on the potential benefits and costs of the different types of rear seat belt warning system discussed in this notice, including those that provide a warning similar to the kinds of seat belt warnings that are provided in current-production vehicles in the United States or elsewhere in the world, as well as other potentially novel approaches. from 40 agencies. 208 by removing the 8-second limitation would eliminate the need to differentiate between signals and give vehicle manufacturers greater flexibility in designing their seat belt warning systems. Are there situations when the warning at a low speed would result in an unnecessary or unwanted warning, and how frequently would such situations occur? While every effort has been made to ensure that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection [34] Under these regulations, a short-term deactivation may only be effectuated by specific controls that are not integrated in the safety-belt buckle and only when the vehicle is stationary. Rear seat belts are generally required except in certain buses (such as school buses) between 10,000 lb and 26,000 lb, and for school, perimeter, and transit buses over 26,000 lb. The agency also seeks comment on the safety need for such warnings and the costs and feasibility of addressing these issues. 73. What duration would appropriately balance effectiveness and annoyance? NHTSA Research on Effectiveness and Acceptance of Seat Belt Warnings, VI. The hours of the docket are indicated above in the same location. developer tools pages. 0 0000042866 00000 n This seat belt warning option required audible and visible warning signals that lasted for as long as the occupant was unbelted, the ignition was on, and the transmission was in forward or reverse. These types of seats might present an issue for a rear seat belt warning system because the electrical connection might not be reestablished for these seats when the seat is reinstalled. House Report 107-108, June 22, 2001. Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. First, it conducted the multi-phase seat belt Start Printed Page 51088warning study that was part of the research program initiated pursuant to SAFETEA-LU. A positive-only system would be the least technically complex of the three. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. [58] insomnia. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you 21. 208, as well as twenty different enhanced warning systems. has no substantive legal effect. Although it is of no doubt that the use of seatbelt reduces the incidence and severity of MVC-induced TLJ injury, how it is protective for front-seat occupants of an automobile after rollover crashes is unclear. Explain why you agree or disagree, suggest alternatives, and substitute language for your requested changes. Transportation Research Board Study, p. 9. 208 requirements for the driver's seat warning. Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov at any time or to 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays. 41. Would a deactivation feature only be needed for systems with a persistent audible warning? These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the [62] Does unbelted safety requirement affect protection for belted Even for seats where the connections are automatically established when the seat is reinstalled, the automatic connectors might malfunction and a proper connection may not be made. NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. 19. A problem with false reminders is that they can lead occupants to disregard or attempt to circumvent the system, defeating the purpose of such systems. The inside of a parked car can quickly reach unsafe temperatures, even on a mild day. Air Bag Crash Investigations This table of contents is a navigational tool, processed from the Some states with mandatory rear seat belt laws include rear-seat specific messaging in their media campaigns. If the electrical connection is not reestablished, the warning system could malfunction or provide inaccurate information. Overall, of those who reported experiencing a change of seat belt status alert (49%), over three-quarters of these drivers (77%) said that the unbuckled passenger eventually did refasten her seat belt, either on her own or at the driver's request. Minimum duration. Provo, Utah EV Charging Stations Info | ChargeHub Webpassenger using both unbelted 5th percentile female and unbelted 50th percentile male dummies in the rigid barrier crash tests at 30-mph. Seat Belts 0000014383 00000 n 50. The Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems Draft Report: Observational Field Data Collection Methodology and Findings. (An enhanced warning system is one with visual and/or audible warning signals that exceed the maximum durations specified in S7.3, and/or that applies to seating positions other than the driver's seat). Would that sound, perhaps augmented, serve as an effective notice to the driver that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt, or the lack of such sound indicate that a rear-seat occupant had not buckled the belt? Webrestraints. To what extent should we expect increased effectiveness and benefits for a system utilizing occupant detection compared to a system without such technology? [29] 49. On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 7.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be appreciably soluble in water. Advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM). For the front seats the seat belt reminder system is required to have a 2-level approach. Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. 8. 1503 & 1507. MAP-21 instructs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding for a rear seat belt warning system and to issue a final rule if it would meet the requirements in section 30111 of the Safety Act. Among those that supported requiring rear seat belt warnings were IEE S.A., Consumers Union, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Automotive Occupant Restraint Council (now known as the Automotive Safety Council), and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The National Child Restraint Use Special Study found that only 13 percent of drivers reported reading the vehicle owner's manual. WebOption 1 - Combination of Perpendicular and Oblique Rigid Barrier Tests: The first option is the unbelted rigid barrier test of impact speed 0 to 48 kmph and impact angle 0 to 30o. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. on 48. Your body reacts to an alarm reaction by releasing _______ into your blood stream: with severe emotional pain, the driver could turn to substance ___ to hide emotional pain. See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 54. 0000101538 00000 n The number of non-drivers surveyed was relatively small. 84. Public Law 109-59, 10306 (2005). 6). As it continues with this proceeding, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) seeks comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. [55] Rear seat belt use in 2017, however, was 75.4 percent. h. Cr2S3\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3Cr2S3. Impact and crash calculations are conducted at Porsche Seatbelt anchorage any 0 - 50 using the LS-Dyna 3D Finite Element Program. The most frequently recorded BAC level among drinking drivers in fatal crashes was ___. Vehicles with a larger number of rear seats may present visual signal complexities and other challenges. Owner's manual/label requirements. 0000028596 00000 n 0000003170 00000 n That is, women, elderly drivers, speeding, seat belt non-use, and recent model year vehicles are associated with an increased risk of fatality. For complete information about, and access to, our official publications Since seat belt warning systems are generally initiated at the beginning of a trip (i.e., when the ignition switch is moved to the on or start position) so as to assure that occupants are safely restrained prior to any potential vehicle crash, this is perhaps the most intuitive approach for rear seat belt warnings as well. Five commenters opposed requiring rear seat belt warnings: Ford Motor Company, General Motors, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the Association of International Automobile Manufacturers (now known as the Association of Global Automakers), and a commenter from the general public. 0000063657 00000 n See Docket Nos. [23], Manufacturers have two compliance options for the driver's warning. What is now the first option (S7.3(a)(1)) was added to S7.3 in 1991.[26]. You may also see the comments on the internet. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 8; Schroeder & Wilbur, supra, p. 33. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. HIGH SPEED UNBELTED TEST REQUIREMENT OF Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. 30101 et seq. NHTSA seeks comment on whether, and to what degree, a rear seat belt warning would be effective. ECE Regulation No. For example, would an audible notification (e.g., a chime) indicating that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt effectively inform the driver (or facilitate the driver in determining) whether there were any unbuckled rear-seat occupants? Research has found that seat belts greatly reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries, compared to the risk faced by unrestrained occupants. 18-20. As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. In NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System, 65 percent of drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt reminders reported that the rear seat belt reminder made it easier to encourage the rear seat passengers to buckle up. 18. A.) [76] [67] Seventy-eight percent of drivers were satisfied with the change-of-status warning during a trip; about 1 percent were dissatisfied. About 13 percent of model year (MY) 2019 vehicles sold in the United States came equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. The report noted that many part-time users interviewed by NHTSAthe primary target group for the technologywere receptive to the new systems. NHTSA also seeks comment on the results of the 2015 survey, including whether and to what extent, selection bias might influence the results. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur, Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. 34. Open for Comment, Applications for New Awards-American History and Civics Education National Activities Program, Economic Sanctions & Foreign Assets Control, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Salmonella in Not-Ready-To-Eat Breaded Stuffed Chicken Products, Authority To Order the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty To Address International Drug Trafficking, Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to Environmental Justice for All, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Current Driver's Seat Belt Warning Requirements, NHTSA Experience in the 1970s: Consumer Backlash Against Seat Belt Interlock and Subsequent Statutory Limitation on Belt Warning Requirements, IV. should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official 14. Document Drafting Handbook The second level warning consists of a visual and audible signal activated for at least 30 seconds, not counting periods in which the warning may stop for up to 3 seconds. If NHTSA were to propose system requirements for occupant detection (either mandatory or as a compliance option), seat occupancy criteria might be necessary to objectively specify when a seat is occupied for the purposes of NHTSA's compliance testing. 0000057729 00000 n Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 75. documents in the last year, 83 For example, it may be technically challenging for an occupant detection system to recognize a large occupant spanning multiple seating positions as a single occupant rather than two occupants. at 31202(a)(2) (repealing portion of 49 U.S.C. [69] 63. 2. For any alternative warning systems/signals that are identified, NHTSA seeks information on the issues we identify below. Rear seats are frequently used for child restraint systems attached by a child restraint anchorage system, or LATCH. [78] Are there new and innovative wireless technologies that could reduce or eliminate wiring complexities, such as those used in tire pressure monitoring systems? Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection 0000010422 00000 n NHTSA's research suggests that there is an inherent trade-off between effectiveness and acceptability. 37. [94], A rear seat belt warning system can increase rear seat belt use in two ways: It can remind a rear seat occupant to fasten his or her belt, and it can inform the driver that a passenger is unbuckled, so that the driver can request the occupant to fasten their belt. Relevant information about this document from Regulations.gov provides additional context. 208, Occupant crash protection, to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. You may Start Printed Page 51077send mail to these officials at: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. The Public Inspection page D-s-tX?[ha;Q33LLL S,q'=L@fC5`. 25. The city of Provo in Utah, tats-Unis, has 44 public charging station ports (Level 2 and Level 3) within 15km. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. In it, we seek comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. The system could also provide a warning signal to inform the driver if a proper electrical connection has not been made with respect to an easily removable seat. Smith, Michael Abbott, Texas CDL Section 14 Special Requirements. In response, NHTSA amended FMVSS No. Docket No. Belt use criteria. 64. On November 21, 2007, Public Citizen and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety (petitioners) petitioned NHTSA to amend FMVSS No. The warning must be noticeable enough to prompt occupants to buckle their seat belts, but not so intrusive that the public does not accept the warning system, that an occupant will circumvent or disable it, or that the warning system could lead to driver distraction that could increase the risk of a crash.[98]. There are a variety of aspects of the possible proposed requirements that we seek comment on. Occupant detection is utilized by the advanced air bags to properly classify the occupant in the seat (e.g., child, adult, small-statured adult) so that the advanced frontal air bag systems can determine if and with what level of power the front air bag will inflate. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. No visual signal is required if all the rear occupants are belted. 0000009615 00000 n In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. They prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle; provide ride-down by gradually decelerating the occupant as the vehicle deforms and absorbs energy; and reduce the occurrence of occupant contact with harmful interior surfaces and other occupants. The responsibility for promulgation of Federal motor vehicle safety standards is delegated to NHTSA.[56]. Enhanced warning systems. The occupant is repositioned to a location within the air bag deployment path just prior to deployment by a pre-impact or at-impact event. Alternative warning systems. Neither Euro NCAP or the ECE regulation require an audible warning for rear seats. Illegal window tinting. migraine headaches FALSE Seat belt use warning systems may also be referred to in this document as seat belt warning systems or seat belt reminder systems.
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