Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. a. Asian American women over age 35 a. her "macho" style Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? a. whites 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Flashcards | Quizlet Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. b. Quiz 6 Categories and Concepts - Quiz 6: Categories and Concepts Which Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). c. victim. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 2136. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. b. Americans Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. b. benevolent; hostile c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. Southern and Eastern Europe. It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places. Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. Once we do so, we begin to respond to those people more as members of a social group than as individuals. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). b. Martin Luther King Jr. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. This overgeneralization makes it more likely that we will think about and treat all members of a group the same way. c. Asian women 1. Which of the following statements about corporate social If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. c. Africans. b. c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). (2011). Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? b. impersonal market forces Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. This is an example of In R. V. Kail (Ed. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. c. the biological inferiority of blacks a. prejudice. d. modern sexism. a. displacement The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. a. non-Hispanic whites c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." a. aggregation. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). a. the history of racial segregation Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. (2001). more: c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. Categorization - Wikipedia B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. b. In some cases, we categorize because doing so provides us with information about the characteristics of people who belong to certain social groups (Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995). Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? d. The majority of teen magazines for girls focus on self and career development more than on Scientific American, 223, 96102. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). c. White women under age 35 The nature of prejudice. Guimond, S. (2000). Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. c. TV commercials. The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. A. social inequality 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. a. unfriendly Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. d. ethnicity. Do you think the cultural stereotypes about your group have ever influenced your performance on a task. social class, family, football team etc.) There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. a. interpersonal racism. d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? c. suggestive clothing 17. b. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. is/are true? I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . d. all of the above. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is females as caregivers and males as workers." Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. c. male as normative. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). c. economic factors 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. d. projecting. (2007). not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. c. being forced to listen to jokes that belittle women c. 35 movies, and theater The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. ", 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy.". The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Order. b. backlash effect d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? According to Aristotle, an argument satisfies three conditions, and "is based on certain statements made in such a way as necessarily to cause the assertion of things other than those statements . Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? c. discrimination. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. When we know that we need to control our expectations so that we do not unintentionally stereotype the other person, we may try to do sobut doing so takes effort and may frequently fail (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). b. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. b. Latinas a. Latina women Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. c. wicked San Diego, CA: Elsevier. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? b. stereotyping. And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. c. Latin Americans d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant. Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. A. permanent Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. Desocializing Social Media: The Visual and Media Ideologies of Stock Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that (1984). Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. d. none of the above. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. II. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. This is an example of 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. All Hispanics are nonwhite. Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). Which statement is the BEST explanation of the fundamental attribution error? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. a. genetic factors Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. c. racialization. The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. True d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. . Why do you (or dont you) categorize? Public opinion. b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. Think of a task that one of the social groups to which you belong is considered to be particularly good (or poor) at. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). 3 One confederate gave a correct response. b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. True Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(5), 656674. At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. Reggie and his family are well off financially. Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. d. ambivalent sexism. Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 3 Flashcards 349380). In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. Brian's Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. 5. This problem has been solved! a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the b. discriminating. C. holding a stereotype d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income? I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? a. spotlighting. d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and 1.) b. opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. poses than in active poses. In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. (2005). 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Race in the making: Cognition, culture and the childs construction of human kinds. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. b. d. poor diet. b. a. Germany; rural There are clear-cut physical differences between races. . b. c. Brown v. Board of Education c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Which of the following statements are accurate? - Brainly.com b. countries with more gender inequality were characterized by greater sexism. (1999). B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. Multiple social categorization. d. Mexican Americans. Full article: Candidates' modification of global perspectives via d. displacement. B. And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. Furthermore, he argues that women are getting too many breaks in job hiring and that qualified men are the targets of discrimination. Bargh, J. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is b. discrimination. blender scale object to specific size; randolph county sheriff's report; . Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. b. a. Puerto Rico If the jury cannot decide on a verdict, a mistrial will be declared. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as abilities The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, c. 74; 42 In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. B. automatic Related Documents. a. multiculturalism. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: a. interpersonal racism. a. Race And Ethnicity Flashcards by Ruby Carlson - Brainscape d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. Ecological ethics and the smart circular economy - Rolien Hoyng, 2023 Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. 26 percent; 6 percent 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. (c) Prepare the stockholders equity section of the balance sheet at December 31. x+13=2(x23)6xx+\frac{1}{3}=2\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)-6 x which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? (2010). 1 The task difficulty was increased. xiyi132735411514. Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. And stereotypes become difficult to change because they are so important to usthey become an integral and important part of our everyday lives in our culture. Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies. b. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. social loafing Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? b. Puerto Rican Americans correct? Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter Conduct test at the 5% b. a. Mexican Americans In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. b. stereotyping. b. African Americans Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? c. Cuban Americans Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. b. unintelligent which of the following statements concerning social categorization is According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s a. whites The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. a. Lawrence Bobo Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? Dwayne's attitude best reflects: 182222). 275292). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. b. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 215224. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. What term would be used to characterize her argument? d. Ireland; urban. baseball. 4 situational. d. modern sexism. 1 affective Quickbooks Advance EXAM - QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1 Question 1 a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. d. Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0b_0b0 and b1b_1b1 using equations (14.6) and (14.7). Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). This finding is most consistent with: c. segregation. See Page 1. Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. ability c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. a. f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? Account. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. a. Northwestern Europe. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. b. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. Physical environment. Which component of attitude is being affected? (Ed.). After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. d. projecting. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. C. purposeful (1974). On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons.