Four officers resigned and seven were disciplined over the incident. In July 1992, the government announced a relaxation of the regulation for the lower two English leagues (known now as League One and League Two). "[281], Professor Phil Scraton described Pearce's comments as amongst the "most bigoted and factually inaccurate" published in the wake of the disaster. This Harrowing report, describes how a beautiful spring day turned into a day of tragedy and disaster. "[318], Further extracts from what Eileen Delaney said can be found on the Hillsborough Justice Campaign website[319] and in Phil Scraton's book Hillsborough: The Truth. Part of this flawed psychological state is that they cannot accept that they might have made any contribution to their misfortunes, but seek rather to blame someone else for it, thereby deepening their sense of shared tribal grievance against the rest of society. (Everyone in the office) seemed paralysed"looking like rabbits in the headlights"as one hack described them. [195], At a trial preparation hearing at Preston Crown Court on 10September 2018, Duckenfield pleaded not guilty to all 95 charges against him. Following the finding that they did not have a case to answer, the restrictions were lifted.[207]. Hundreds of people were pressed against one another and the fencing by the weight of the crowd behind them. As the Panel explained in their report:[46]:146. [321], On the 20th anniversary of the disaster, BBC Radio 4 produced an episode of their series The Reunion on the subject of Hillsborough. Duckenfield took medical retirement on a full police pension. Hillsborough inquest: The 14 key questions the jury must answer [95], Taylor found there was "no provision" for controlling the entry of spectators into the turnstile area. In the email, which came to light as the result of a Freedom of Information request, Crompton had said that the families' "version of certain events has become 'the truth' even though it isn't". "[220] A gospel choir performed and the ceremony ended with a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone". [165] During the inquests, Duckenfield confirmed that he became a Freemason in 1975 and became Worshipful Master of his local lodge in 1990, a year after the disaster; following this revelation, Freemasons were forbidden to take part in the IPCC investigation and Operation Resolve as civilian investigators to prevent any perceived bias. [43], South Yorkshire Police Superintendent Greenwood (the ground commander) realised the situation, and ran on the field to gain referee Ray Lewis's attention. [240], Initial media coveragespurred by what Phil Scraton calls in Hillsborough: The Truth "the Heysel factor" and "hooligan hysteria"began to shift the blame onto the behaviour of the Liverpool fans at the stadium, making it a public order issue. [91], After the disaster, Lord Justice Taylor was appointed to conduct an inquiry into the events. The Liverpool manager, Rafael Bentez, set 96 balloons free. Former Chief Inspector Sir Norman Bettinson faced four counts of misconduct in public office. A third legal case which resulted from the Hillsborough disaster was Airedale N.H.S. Stand Up Sit Down A Choice to Watch Football. His cousin, Steven Gerrard, then aged 8, went on to become Liverpool F.C. . At the rescheduled fixture, Arsenal players brought flowers onto the pitch and presented them to the Liverpool fans around the stadium before the game commenced. Hillsborough trial: 'Not enough' turnstiles at stadium - BBC News Meanwhile, on the pitch, police, stewards and members of the St John Ambulance service were overwhelmed. I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong. [107] Chester City F.C. [53] Standing on terraces and the use of perimeter fencing around the pitch, the use of CCTV, the timing of football matches and policing of sporting events were factors for a subsequent inquiry to consider. Up to 10,000 Liverpool supporters have tickets to the standing terraces on their side of the pitch.. [246] These media reports and others were examined during the 2012 Hillsborough Independent Panel report. Hillsborough disaster: deadly mistakes and lies that lasted decades [258][265] In 2012, under the headline "The Real Truth", The Sun made a front page apology, saying "we are profoundly sorry for false reports". It made recommendations on the safety of crowds penned within fences,[21] including that "all exit gates should be manned at all times and capable of being opened immediately from the inside by anyone in an emergency".[22]. Hon. . [124] Their report was in 395 pages and delivered 153 key findings. [1][4] The inquests also found that the design of the stadium contributed to the crush, and that supporters were not to blame for the dangerous conditions. The police became a convenient scapegoat, and the Sun newspaper a whipping-boy for daring, albeit in a tasteless fashion, to hint at the wider causes of the incident. The programme was repeated on 1May 2016, at the end of the week in which the Hillsborough inquest ruled that the 96 Liverpool football fans died unlawfully. This followed a legal challenge in the High Court by his family to have his treatment withdrawn, a landmark challenge which succeeded in November 1992. The Football Spectators Act does not cover Scotland, but the Scottish Premier League chose to make all-seater stadiums a requirement of league membership. [24][25] The incident nonetheless prompted Sheffield Wednesday to alter the layout at the Leppings Lane end, dividing the terrace into three separate pens to restrict sideways movement. 'Why us? [4] The disaster led to a number of safety improvements in the largest English football grounds, notably the elimination of fenced standing terraces in favour of all-seater stadiums in the top two tiers of English football. Nottingham Forest supporters were allocated the South Stands and Spion Kop[a] on the east end, with a combined capacity of 29,800, reached by 60 turnstiles spaced along two sides of the ground. [54] The following Sunday, a link of football scarves spanning the 1 mile (1.6km) distance across Stanley Park from Goodison Park to Anfield was created, with the final scarf in position at 3:06pm. [250][251] The Daily Express also carried Patnick's version, under the headline "Police Accuse Drunken Fans" which gave Patnick's views, saying he had told Margaret Thatcher, while escorting her on a tour of the ground after the disaster, of the "mayhem caused by drunks" and that policemen told him they were "hampered, harassed, punched and kicked". A case, Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 A.C. 310, was eventually appealed to the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords and was an important milestone in the law of claims of secondary victims for negligently inflicted psychiatric injury. Other messages came from Pope John Paul II, US President George H. W. Bush, and the chief executive of Juventus (fans of Liverpool and Juventus had been involved in the Heysel Stadium disaster) amongst many others. [26], Liverpool and Nottingham Forest met in the semi-final at Hillsborough in 1988, and fans reported crushing at the Leppings Lane end. This article was presumably published before there were any reports that people had been killed. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Interim Report - Wikisource From 2007, an annual Hillsborough Memorial service was held at Spion Kop, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. An annual memorial ceremony is held at Anfield and at a church in Liverpool. [301] Leeds United chairman Ken Bates endorsed this call in the club programme and stated, "Leeds have suffered at times with reference to Galatasaray; some of our so-called fans have also been guilty as well, particularly in relation to Munich." Inquests into the deaths were opened and adjourned immediately after the disaster. Hillsborough: why has the trial collapsed and what happens next? Transcripts of the proceedings and evidence that was produced during the hearings were published at the Hillsborough Inquests official website. No, his apology doesn't mean a thing to me. . Turnstiles numbered 1 to 10, ten in all, provided access to 9,700 seats in the North Stand; a further six turnstiles (numbered 11 to 16) provided access to 4,456 seats in the upper tier of the West Stand. Topman stated that the T-shirt was in reference to a Bob Marley song re-released in 1996 and apologised and withdrew the item. I had absolutely no reason to believe that these authority figures would lie and deceive over such a disaster. [170] In early October, Bettison announced his retirement, becoming the first senior figure to step down since publication of the panel's report.[171][172][173]. [261][262] The Financial Times reported in 2019 that Merseyside sales were estimated to drop from 55,000 per day to 12,000 per day, an 80% decrease. No known minutes exist of this meeting. Many uninjured fans assisted the injured; several attempted CPR and others tore down advertising hoardings to use as stretchers. [316], In March 2018, British clothing retailer Topman marketed a T-shirt which was interpreted by members of the public, including relatives of Hillsborough victims, as mocking the disaster. What he has got to understand is that we were speaking the truth for 23 years and apologies have only started to come today from them because of yesterday. [181][182], In April 2016, the Crown Prosecution Service announced that it would consider bringing charges against both individuals and corporate bodies once the criminal investigation by the Independent Police Complaints CommissionOperation Resolvehad been completed. [20], Risks associated with confining fans in pens were highlighted by the Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety at Sports Grounds (the Popplewell inquiry) after the Bradford City stadium fire in May 1985. Fans outside could hear cheering as the teams came on the pitch ten minutes before the match started, and as the match kicked off, but could not gain entrance. Liverpool won the match by four goals to nil.[237]. [110] Thousands of fans visited and the stadium filled with flowers, scarves and other tributes. The Liverpool Legends, comprising ex-Liverpool footballers beat the All Stars, captained by actor Ricky Tomlinson, 31. On 8September 2012, just four days before the Hillsborough Independent Panel Report was published, Crompton had emailed the force's assistant chief constable Andy Holt and head of media Mark Thompson. [159], Kelvin MacKenzie, who wrote the now-infamous "The Truth" front page for the Sun, said that although he was "duped" into publishing his story, that his "heart goes out" to the families of those affected, saying that "It's quite clear today the fans had nothing to do with it". This is our response", "Hillsborough inquest verdict: the front pages", "As disgusting as it is unsurprising. The Tragic True Story Of The Hillsborough Disaster - Grunge.com In April 2016, a private prosecution was launched on behalf of victims' relatives against both SYP and the West Midlands Police force (who had investigated the actions of SYP), alleging a concerted cover-up designed to shift blame away from the police. FA Cup semi-final Liverpool v Nottingham Forest. [56], The FA chief executive Graham Kelly, who had attended the match, said the FA would conduct an inquiry into what had happened. [103], Regarding the decision to allocate Liverpool spectators to the West and North Ends, Taylor stated "I do not consider choice of ends was causative of the disaster. Wright said: "The request has been submitted by a firm of solicitors in Liverpool acting on behalf of a number of individuals affected by the event. Club Secretary Graham Mackrell faced a charge of breaching the Safety at Sports Ground Act 1975. Determinations and findings of the Hillsborough inquests By 22 October 2012, the names of at least 1,444 serving and former police officers had been referred to the IPCC investigation. The prosecution argued that the crush was "foreseeable" hence the defendants were "grossly negligent".
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